SFOC: the Canadian certificate for special flight operations
A new framework came into force on 4 November 2025. Anything written before that date describes rules that no longer apply.
Updated : September 2026
What the SFOC covers, and what it no longer does
The Special Flight Operations Certificate is the case by case route for anything beyond basic and advanced operations. It is applied for with Transport Canada.
Since 4 November 2025 it covers less ground, and that is good news: level 1 complex operations allow certain flights beyond visual line of sight in low risk environments WITHOUT a certificate, and the framework now extends to medium RPAS up to 150 kg.
Before applying for an SFOC
Three checks, in this order, and the first often removes the need for the other two.
- 1
Check whether the flight still needs one
Basic, advanced and now level 1 complex operations cover more than they used to. An application filed for a flight already allowed is a delay you gave yourself.
- 2
Register the aircraft and hold the right certificate
Any aircraft from 250 g to 25 kg is registered with Transport Canada before its first flight, through the Drone Management Portal, which also carries pilot certificates.
- 3
Build the file
An SFOC is granted on a case, not on a form: the operation, the site, the risks and how you contain them.
Frequently asked questions
Basic or advanced?
Canada uses neither open, nor specific, nor certified. It separates basic from advanced operations, with level 1 complex added in November 2025.
Does a foreign certificate count in Canada?
No. Transport Canada issues its own pilot certificates, and a European or American qualification is not recognised as such.
Where does NAV Drone fit in?
NAV Drone is the flight planning and airspace authorisation tool, not the registration portal. The two are often confused.
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